Influence of green manure (oilseed radish) and tillage practices on nutrients dynamics of chernozem calcic during arable crops growth
Keywords:
green manure, tillage, nutrients, yield, sugar beet, potatoes, oilseed radish.
Abstract
The article presents and briefly discusses the results of an investigation of the effectiveness of green manure made from oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) following sugar beet and potatoes. In a field experiment, conducted in 2005‒2010 years in Sumy National Agrarian University, we examined four mechanical methods: ploughing to a depth of 28‒30 cm (conventional tillage), sweep ploughing to a depth of 28‒30 cm, disking to a depth of 14‒16 cm and 4‒6 cm. The soil is determined as chernozem calcic (typical) medium loam (low humic, slight acid). The research area belongs to the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Green manure was sown after harvesting spring barley and incorporated in late October.
The use of green manure signifacantly improves the nutrients regimes of calcic chernozem during sugar beets and potatoes cultivation: the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil layer of 0‒30 cm increased by 9.8‒13.8 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus ‒ by 8,0‒13,8 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium by 7,8‒13,0 mg/kg related to other fertilized variants. Sweep ploughing to a depth of 28‒30 cm resulted in increasing of hydrolyzed nitrogen content by 106.7 and 113.8 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus ‒ 124.6 and 129.6 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium ‒ 121,7 and 123.6 mg/kg.
The phytomass of green manure had the highest effect on the rising of nitrogen content ‒ 49‒52 %, and the least effect was recieved for phosphorus ‒ 24‒25 %. Incorporation of green manure by classic tillage and sweep ploughing had a greater effect on N and P content ‒ by 33‒66 % and 19‒61 % respectively. The best yields of of sugar beets ‒ 35.4 t/ha and potatoes ‒ 30.3 t/ha have been provided by using of green manure and sweep ploughing that is respectively plus 1.4 and 1.8 t/ha related to variants with conventional ploughing. It means also plus 4,7 і 3,7 t/ha related to variants with disking to a depth of 14‒16 cm; 5,9 і 5,1 t/ha in comparison with disking to a depth of 4‒6 cm.
The highest intensity of nitrogen and potassium balance growing sugar beets and potatoes was provided by green manure - 114.9 and 136.0 % and 135.7 and 101.7 %, respectively. Use of oilseed radish and sweep ploughing to a depth of 28‒30 cm result in the positive nutrients balance that is closer to the equilibrium balance.
References
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2. Yu, W., Elleby, C., & Zobbe, H. (2015). Food security policies in India and China: implications for national and global food security. Food Security, 7(2), 405‒414. doi: 10.1007/s12571-015-0432-2
3. Vitousek, P. M., Naylor, R., Crews, T., David, M. B., Drinkwater, L. E., Holland, E., Johnes, P. J., Katzenberger, J., Martinelli, L.A., Matson, P. A., Nziguheba G., Ojima D., Palm C. A., Robertson G. P., Sanchez P. A., Townsend A. R. & Zhang F. S. (2009). Nutrient imbalances in agricultural development. Science, 324, 1519–1520. doi: 10.1126/science.1170261
4. Chen, X. P., Cui, Z. L., Vitousek, P. M., Cassman, K. G., Matson, P. A., Bai, J. S., Meng, Q. F., Hou, P., Yue, S. C., Römheld, V. & Zhang, Fu-Suo (2011). Integrated soil-crop system management for food security. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 6399–6404. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1101419108
5. Zhou, J., Gu, B., Schlesinger, W.H., & Ju, X. (2016). Significant accumulation of nitrate in Chinese semi-humid croplands. Sci. Rep., 6, 25088. doi:10.1038/srep25088
6. Zheng, X., Han, S., Huang, Y., Wang, Y. & Wang, M. (2004). Re-quantifying the emission factors based on field measurements and estimating the direct N2O emission from Chinese croplands. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 18(2). doi: 10.1029/2003GB002167
7. Xie, Z., Tu, S., Shah, F., Xu, C., Chen, J., Han, D., Liu, G., Li, H., Muhammad, I., & Cao, W. (2016). Substitution of fertilizer-N by green manure improves the sustainability of yield in double-rice cropping system in south China. Field Crop Res., 188, 142–149. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.01.006
8. Thorup-Kristensen, K., Magid, J., & Jensen, L. S. (2003). Catch crops and green manures as biological tools in nitro-gen management in temperate zones. Adv. Agron., 79, 227–302. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2113(02)79005-6
9. Yang, L., Cao, W., Thorupkristensen, K., Bai, J., Gao, S., & Chang, D. (2015). Effect of Orychophragmus violaceus incorporation on nitrogen uptake in succeeding maize. Plant Soil Environ, 61, 260–265. doi: 10.17221/178/2015-PSE
10. Bai, J., Cao, W., Xiong, J., Zeng, N., Gao, S., & Katsuyoshi, S. (2015) Integrated application of February Orchid (Orychophragmus violaceus) as green manure with chemical fertilizer for improving grain yield and reducing nitrogen losses in spring maize system in northern China. J. Integr. Agric., 14, 2490–2499. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61212-6
11. Thorup-Kristensen, K. (2001). Are differences in root growth of nitrogen catch crops important for their ability to reduce soil nitrate-N content, and how can this be measured? Plant Soil, 230, 185–195. doi: 10.1023/A:1010306425468
12. Zhang, D., Yao, P., Na, Z., Yu, C., Cao, W., & Gao, Y. (2016). Contribution of green manure legumes to nitrogen dynamics in traditional winter wheat cropping system in the Loess Plateau of China. Eur. J. Agron., 72, 47–55. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2015.09.012
13. Yu, Y., Xue, L., Yang, L. (2014). Winter legumes in rice crop rotations reduces nitrogen loss, and improves rice yield and soil nitrogen supply. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 34, 633–640. doi: 10.1007/s13593-013-0173-6
14. Hooker, K. V., Coxon, C. E., Hackett, R., Kirwan, L. E., O’Keeffe, E., & Richards, K. G. (2008). Evaluation of cover crop and reduced cultivation for reducing nitrate leaching in Ireland. J. Environ. Qual., 37, 138–145. doi: 10.2134/jeq2006.0547
15. Zhang, F., Cui, Z., Chen, X., Ju, X., Shen, J., Chen, Q., Liu, X., Zhang, W., Mi, G., & Fan, M. (2012). Integrated nutrient management for food security and environmental quality in China. Adv. Agron., 116, 1–40.
16. Glasener, K. M., Wagger, M. G., Mackown, C. T., & Volk, R. J. (2002). Contributions of shoot and root nitrogen-15 labeled legume nitrogen sources to a sequence of three cereal crops. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 66, 523–530. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2002.5230
17. Zhou, Z., Zhang, L., Cao, W., & Huang, Y. (2016). Appraisal of agro-ecosystem services in winter green manure-spring maize. Ecol. Environ. Sci. 2016, 25, 597–604. (In Chinese with English Abstract)
18. Mandal, U. K., Singh, G., Victor, U. S., & Sharma, K. L. (2003). Green manuring: Its effect on soil properties and crop growth under rice-wheat cropping system. Eur. J. Agron., 19, 225–237. doi: 10.1016/s1161-0301(02)00037-0
19. Mishchenko, Y. H. (2013). Optymizacija shhilnosti gruntu pry vyroshhuvanni burjakiv cukrovyh [Optimization of soil density in sugar beet cultivation]. Visnyk SNAU. Serija : Agronomija ta biologija, 11, 62‒67 (in Ukrainian).
20. Mishchenko, Y. H. (2015). Vplyv pisljazhnyvnogo syderatu redky olijnoi ta obrobitku na vodopronyknist gruntu [The influence of after crop siderate of oil radish and cultivation on the permeability of soil]. Visnyk SNAU. Serija : Agronomija ta biologija, 9, 119‒128 (in Ukrainian).
21. Mishchenko, Y. H. (2017). Pisljazhnyvni syderaty ta porystist gruntu [Green manure crop and porosity of the soil]. Visnyk SNAU. Serija: Agronomija ta biologija, 2, 61‒69. (in Ukrainian).
22. Нospodarenko, G. M., & Lysjanskyi, O. L. (2015). Efektyvnist vykorystannja vology riznoudobrenymy syderalnymy paramy [The efficiency of moisture usage by differently fertilized green-manured fallows]. Visnyk agrarnoi nauky Prychornomorja, v. 2, tom 1, ch. 2., 13‒21 (in Ukrainian).
23. Ustroev, A. A., & Murzaev, E. A. (2020). Jeffektivnost ispolzovanija sideralnyh kultur dlja razuplotnenija pochvy v tehnologii vozdelyvanija kartofelja [Efficiency of using seeder crops for uncomplacing soil in the technology of cultivation of potato]. Agrarnye nauki, 343(11), 101–104 (in Russian). doi: 10.32634/0869-8155-2020-343-11-101-104
24. Linkov, S. A., Akinchin, A. V., & Titovskaya, A. I. (2015). Izmenenie agrofizicheskih svojstv pochvy i ee mikrobiolog-icheskoj aktivnosti pod vlijaniem sideralnyh kultur [Change of agrophysical properties of soil and its microbiological activity un-der the infl uence of green manure crops]. Sugar beet, 10, 7‒10 (in Russian).
25. Shalagina, N. M. (2019). Vliyanie odnoletnikh sideralnykh kultur v smeshannykh posevakh na agrofizicheskie svoistva pakhotnogo gorizonta pochvy i urozhainost kartofelya [Influence of Annual Green Manures in Mixed Crops on the Agrophysical Properties of the Plough-Layer and Potato Yield]. Dalnevostochnyj agrarnyj vestnik, 3, 91‒96. (in Russian). doi: 10.25808/08697698.2019.205.3.016
26. Shalagina, N. M. (2020). Vlijanie odnoletnih sideralnyh kultur v smeshannyh posevah na plodorodie ohristyh vul-kanicheskih pochv Kamchatki i urozhajnost kartofelja v korotkorotacionnom sevooborote [The effect of annual green manures in the mixed crops on the fertility of ocherous volcanic soils of kamchatka and yield of potato in short crop rotation]. Dalnevos-tochnyj agrarnyj vestnik, 3(55), 83‒90 (in Russian). doi: 10.24411/1999-6837-2020-13037
27. Tzandur, N. A., Druziak, V. V., & Burykina, S. I. (2011). Sideralnye pary Stepi Ukrainy [Green steam in the Steppe of the Ukraine]. Pochvovedenie i agrohimija, 1(46), 37‒45 (in Russian).
28. Zakharchenko, E., & Mishchenko, Y. (2017). Impact of different tillage practices and green manure on physical properties of Chernozem soil. Degradation and revitalization of soil and landscape. 51.
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Published
2020-11-30
How to Cite
Mishchenko, Y., Zakharchenko, E., & Masyk, I. (2020). Influence of green manure (oilseed radish) and tillage practices on nutrients dynamics of chernozem calcic during arable crops growth. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology, 41(3), 8-22. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2020.3.2
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