Dependence of reproductive qualities of sows on the duration of the sucking period, the option of combination of breeds at different seasons

Keywords: sow, piglets, suckling period, weaning period of piglets, fertility, safety, breed combination, season, growth intensity.

Abstract

The dependence of reproductive qualities of F1 sows of Irish origin in direct and reciprocal crossing of Great White and Landrace breeds on the duration of the lactation period during the four seasons in the Steppe of Ukraine was studied. It was found that in the winter season there were no differences between groups of pigs of different combinations and weaning dates for the total number of piglets, fertility, sex of piglets and the weight of their nest at birth. At the same time, with both combinations, sows with a reduced suckling period had a higher fertility by 0,02 kg (p <0,01), better by 1,45%…2,54% (p <0,01) survival of piglets and as a consequence greater by 0,17… 0,29 heads their number at weaning, but lower growth intensity - and as a consequence less by 25,58…27,48 kg nest weight and 2,11… 2,26 kg weight of one head at weaning, In the spring, sows of both combinations had better by 0.28… .0.56 heads potential and by 0.47…0.69 heads actual fertility, by 0,04 - 0,05 kg high fertility, more gave birth to boars, had more by 0,51…0,68 head (p <0,001) number of piglets at weaning at the best on their safety, but had a lower 1,65…1,69 kg (p <0,001) weight of one piglet and 17,25…20,72 kg weight of the nest of piglets at weaning. According to the intensity of growth of piglets before weaning, there was a tendency to increase it in the nests of queens with a shortened suckling period. In the summer, no significant differences were found between the sows of the experimental groups in terms of the total number of piglets at birth and fertility. However, animals with the traditional duration of the suckling period of both breed combinations prevailed in high fertility by 0,04 - 0,05 kg (p <0,001), nest weight at birth by 0,37…0,47 kg, weight of one piglet per weaning time, and by 1,83… 1,93, the weight of the nest of piglets at this time 19,18…19,72 kg, the average daily, relative and absolute increments - there was a worse 2,84 and 3,28% preservation and 0,470,59 number of piglets at the time of weaning. In autumn, animals with a shortened suckling period predominated by nest weight of piglets at birth by 1,81 and 2,21 kg (p <0,001), their safety by 2,11…3,01% (p <0,01) of their counterparts with the traditional duration of the suckling period, while the latter had an advantage of 0,08 kg in high fertility, 0,26… 0,39 heads in the number of piglets at weaning, 2,57…2,58 kg (p <0,01) by individual weight, and by 29,38…32,95 kg of nest weight at the time of weaning (p <0,001), as well as 2,49…2,50 kg (p <0,001) in absolute terms, by 36,94… 37 , 86 g on average daily (p <0,01) and by 18,21… 18,51% in relative increments. Analyzing the changes in reproductive quality of sows of both genotypes, it was found that their fertility depended more on the season with a reduced weaning period than in the traditional, while the number of piglets at weaning had significant seasonal fluctuations in both traditional and reduced suckling duration in pigs. The season had a significant effect on the survival of piglets in all experimental groups of animals, regardless of genotype or duration of the suckling period. At the same time, the average daily gain of piglets was moderately dependent on the season, with both combinations of the mother breed and the length of the suckling period. The index of comprehensive assessment of reproductive qualities of sows significantly depended on the season for different lengths of the suckling period and was less dependent on breed combinations of sows.

References

1. Ban'kovs'ka, I. B., Voloshhuk, V. M., Podobjed, L. I., Smyslov, S. Ju. 2016. Model' optymizacii' vyrobnyctva jakisnoi' svynyny v suchasnyh umovah tovarnogo svynarstva [Model of optimization of quality pork production in modern conditions of commercial pig breeding]. Naukovyj visnyk Nacional'nogo universytetu bioresursiv i pryrodokorystuvannja Ukrai'ny. Serija: Tehnologija vyrobnyctva i pererobky produkcii' tvarynnyctva, issue 250. pp. 114 – 214.
2. Berezovskiy, N. D., Pochernyaev, F. K. and Korotkov, V. A. (1986). Metodika modelirovaniya indeksov dlya ispolzovaniya ih v selektsii sviney [Methodology for modeling indices for use in breeding pigs]. Metodyi uluchsheniya protsessov selektsii, razvedeniya i vosproizvodstva sviney (metodicheskie ukazaniya) [Methods for improving the processes of selection, breeding and reproduction of pigs (guidelines)]. pp. 3–14.
3. Geranina, L. A. 2016. Vzajemozv’jazok mizh bagatoplidnistju svynomatok i rostom porosjat u rizni sezony roku [Relationship between sow fertility and piglet growth in different seasons]. Svynarstvo, issue 68. S. pp. 59 – 63.
4. Ivanov, V. O., Guk, M. S. 2019. Streschutlyvist' chystoporodnyh ta pomisnyh svynej [Stress sensitivity of purebred and local pigs.]. Naukovo-tehnichnyj bjuleten' Instytutu tvarynnyctva NAAN, issue 121. pp. 121-127.
5. Kozina, E. A., Zhemer, Ju. A. 2019. Rost i sohrannost' porosjat pri raznyh srokah otema [Growth and safety of piglets at different weaning dates.]. Aktual'nye napravlenija fundamental'nyh i prikladnyh issledovanij. pp. 18–21.
6. Perevojko, Zh, A., Kosilov, V. I. 2014. Vosproizvoditel'naja sposobnost' svinomatok krupnoj beloj porody i ejo dvuh-trjohporodnyh pomesej [Reproductive ability of sows of large white breed and its two-three-breed crosses]. Izvestija Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, issue 6. pp. 161 – 163.
7. Povod, M. G. 2015. Povedinka ta produktyvnist' pidsysnyh svynomatok vprodovzh roku za riznyh umov utrymannja [Behavior and productivity of suckling sows during the year under different housing conditions]. Tehnologija vyrobnyctva i pererobky produkcii' tvarynnyctva, issue 2. pp. 35 – 41.
8. Povod, M. G., Korzh, O. V., Nesterov, A. M. 2017. Vplyv pory roku na vidtvorni jakosti svynomatok dans'koi' selekcii' [Influence of the season on the reproductive qualities of sows of Danish selection]. Visnyk Sums'kogo nacional'nogo agrarnogo universytetu. Serija: Tvarynnyctvo, issue 5(2). pp. 111 – 113.
9. Pol'ovyj, L. V., Polishhuk T. V., Kul'chyc'ka, A. P. 2019. Formuvannja m'jasnoi' produktyvnosti ta ekonomichna efektyvnist' vyrobnyctva svynyny zalezhno vid tryvalosti pidsysnogo periodu [Formation of meat productivity and economic efficiency of pork production depending on the duration of the suckling period]. Agrarna nauka ta harchovi tehnologii', issue 4 (98). pp.180 – 188.
10. Pohodnja, G. S., Kornienko, P. P., Malahova, T. A. Kreneva, T. V., Mamenko, A. M. 2017. Jeffektivnost' vyrashhivanija porosjat pri razlichnyh srokah ih otjoma [Efficiency of cultivation of piglets at various terms of their weaning]. Problemi zooіnzhenerії ta veterinarnoї medicini, vol. 33. issue 1. pp. 129-134.
11. Sokolov, N. V., Zelkova, N. G. 2012. Formirovanie matochnogo stada svinej dlja proizvodstva mjasnoj svininy [Formation of brood pigs for the production of meat pork]. Zootehnija, no. 1. pp. 22-23.
12. Starodubec', O. O., Starodubec', A. A. 2015. Vpliv sezonu roku na vіdtvorjuval'nі jakostі svinomatok [Influence of the season of the year on the reproductive qualities of sows]. Vіsnik agrarnoї nauki Prichornomor'ja. issue 2 (84). pp. 100 – 104.
13. Tvorogova, E. V. 2013. Jekonomicheskie predposylki vnedrenija tehnologii sverhrannego ot#ema porosjat [Economic prerequisites for the introduction of technology for superearly weaning of piglets]. Vestnik Chuvashskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. I. Ja Jakovleva, no. 2 (78). pp. 159–162.
14. Lazarevich, A.N., Efimova, L.V., Ivanova, O.V. 2017. Effectiveness analysis of crossbreding the hybrid sows with thoroughbred and terminal sires. In the World of Scientific Discoveries, Series B, no. 2. pp. 16-32.
15. Ushakova, S. 2016. Influence of boars of different breeds on reproductive qualities of sows in multipedigree crossbreeding. Visnyk Agrarnoi Nauky, issue 94(2). pp. 68-69.
Published
2020-12-25
How to Cite
Shvachka , R., Povod , M., & Andriychuk , V. (2020). Dependence of reproductive qualities of sows on the duration of the sucking period, the option of combination of breeds at different seasons. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Livestock, (4(43), 88-99. https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2020.4.14

Most read articles by the same author(s)