Успадкування і формотворення за кількістю колосків від гібридизації різних за тривалістю вегетаційного періоду сортів пшениці
Ключові слова:
пшениця м’яка озима, скоростиглість сортів, комбінації схрещування, успадкування, гібриди, істинний і гіпотетич-ний гетерозис, ступінь фенотипового домінування, популяції F2, ступінь і частота позитивних трансгресій.
Анотація
У 2017‒2019 рр. в умовах дослідного поля науково виробничого центру Білоцерківського НАУ досліджували 42 комбінації F1 і F2 пшениці м’якої озимої, отримані від гібридизації сортів, які різняться за тривалістю вегетаційного періоду. Метою дослідження було визначення гетерозису і ступеню фенотипового домінування в F1 та трансгресивної мінливості в F2 за кількістю колосків в головному колосі при використанні у гібридизації різних за скоростиглістю сортів пшениці м’якої озимої.
Встановлено, що у батьківських форм кількість колосків у головному колосі у роки досліджень становила – 15,7‒18,0 шт., а на їх формування значно впливав генотип, умови року і їх взаємодія. Більшість F1 за кількістю колосків у колосі перевищувала вихідні форми, при цьому високі показники (21,0‒19,2 шт.) визначені у Чорнява/Столична, Білоцерківська напівкарликова/Чорнява, Чорнява/Відрада, Кольчуга/Столична. У 39 із 42 гібридів успадкування кількості колосків з головного колосу відбувалось за позитивним наддомінуванням. Високий гіпотетичний (Нt = 23,5‒15,4 %) та істинний (Нbt = 18,6‒10,2 %) гетерозис встановлено в F1 Чорнява/Столична, Кольчуга/Столична, Білоцерківська напівкарликова/Чорнява, Чорнява/Відрада, Золотоколоса/Відрада.
У 85,7 % популяцій F2 визначено позитивний ступінь трансгресій з максимальним проявом у рекомбінантів кількості колосків у головному колосі ‒ 20‒24 шт., що свідчить про значний формотворчий процес і можливість проведення доборів за досліджуваною ознакою. Максимальну кількість колосків у головному колосі (22‒24 шт.) формували більшість популяцій, в яких материнськими формами використовували сорти Миронівська рання, Кольчуга, Золотоколоса, Чорнява і Антонівка. Частота трансгресивних рекомбінантів у цих популяціях становила 3,3‒96,7 %.
Посилання
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11. Morhun, V.V. (2016). Vnesok henetyky i selektsii roslyn u zabezpechennia prodovolchoi bezpeky Ukrainy [The contribution of genetics and plant breeding in ensuring food security of Ukraine]. Visnyk NAN Ukrainy, 5, 20‒23 (in Ukrainian).
12. Akimenko, O.M., Vlasenko, V.A., & Kuzmenko, O.N. (2016). Kombinatsiina zdatnist za masoiu 1000 nasinyn sortiv pshenytsi ozymoi z pshenychno-zhytnoiu translokatsiieiu 1al/1rs. [Combination ability by weight of 1000 seeds of winter wheat varieties with wheat-rye translocation 1al / 1rs]. Visnyk umanskoho natsionalnoho universytetu sadivnytstva, 1, 59‒63 (in Ukrainian).
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14. Riabovol, I., Riabovol, L., Diordiieva, I., Poltoretskyi, S., Lubchenko, A., Kononenko, L., & Kryzhanovskiy, V. (2018). Evaluation of resistance to diseases of soft winter wheat samples created by hybridization of ecologically and geographically remote forms. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8, 24‒27.
15. Farooq, S. (1994). Wild species germplasm: A vital source for creation of genetic variability. IPGRI WANA Newslet-ter, 4, 1‒2.
16. Vlasenko, V. A., & Kolomiiets, L. A. (2008). Selektsiia pshenytsi m’iakoi ozymoi na pidvyshchennia zahalnoi adap-tyvnosti [Selection of soft winter wheat to increase overall adaptability]. Biul. In-tu zern. hosp-va. Dnipropetrovsk, 5, 83‒86 (in Ukrainian).
17. Artemchuk, I. P. (2013). Efficacy of mutagenic factors in induction of practically valuable mutations of winter wheat. Factors of experimental evolution of organisms, 3, 114‒117 (in Ukrainian).
18. Morhun, B. V., Stepanenko, O. V., Stepanenko, A. I., & Rybalka, O. I. (2015). Molekuliarno-henetychna identyfikatsiia polimorfizmu heniv Wx u hibrydakh m’iakoi pshenytsi za dopomohoiu multypleksnykh polimeraznykh lantsiuhovykh reaktsii [Molecular genetic identification of Wx gene polymorphism in bread wheat hybrids using multiplex polymerase chain reactions]. Fyzyolohyiarastenyi y henetyka, 1, 25‒35 (in Ukrainian).
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Опубліковано
2020-12-25
Як цитувати
Лозинський, М., Устинова, Г., & Ображій, С. (2020). Успадкування і формотворення за кількістю колосків від гібридизації різних за тривалістю вегетаційного періоду сортів пшениці. Вісник Сумського національного аграрного університету. Серія: Агрономія і біологія, 42(4), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2020.4.2
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